The relation between forest clearance and household income among native Amazonians: Results from the Tsimane' Amazonian panel study, Bolivia

The Amazon rain forest harbors some of the world's richest biological diversity. During the twentieth century, two types of actors cleared that forest: native Amazonians and outside encroachers. Of the two actors, we know more about what drives outside encroachers to clear forest than about what drives native Amazonians to clear forest. The past research focus has served well because during the twentieth century outside encroachers cleared most of the Amazonian forest. But the past research focus needs to be expanded because native Amazonians are claiming de jure stewardship of the forests they inhabit, and with tighter jurisdiction over those forests will likely come changes in the amount of forest native Amazonians clear. Prior research in rural areas of low-income nations suggests that household income affects household forest clearance. To estimate the effects of household real income on the total forest area (old-growth + fallow) cleared by households we use a panel composed of five annual household surveys (2002-2006, inclusive) from 324 households of a native Amazonian society in Bolivia (Tsimane'). We control for household and village fixed effects and use an instrumental variable for household income. We find positive and significant household real income elasticities of forest clearance of 0.35 and 0.47 and an increase in forest clearance of 5.3%/year. The main finding stood up well to sensitivity analysis. These estimates suggest that in the near future, the forest in the Tsimane' territory will likely face increasing pressure from the Tsimane' themselves, not just from outside encroachers.     

商业银行信用风险形成机理分析

该文首先概述了企业过度负债现象及其负面效应 ,然后研究了国有商业银行信用风险的形成机理 ,揭示了其内在原因 ,即资金不能吸收。     

Liquidity Provision of Limit Order Trading in the Futures Market Under Bull and Bear Markets

Abstract:  This study investigates how limit orders affect liquidity in a purely order-driven futures market. Additionally, the possible asymmetric relationship between market depth and transitory volatility in bull and bear markets and the effect of institutional trading on liquidity provision behavior are examined as well. The empirical results demonstrate that subsequent market depth increases as transient volatility increases in bull markets. Market depth exhibits significantly positive relationship to subsequent transient volatility in bull markets. Additionally, although trading volume positively influences transient volatility in bull markets, no such relationship exists in bear markets. Liquidity provision decreases when institutional trading activity intensifies during bear markets. Thus, liquidity provision for limit orders differs between bull and bear markets.     

Contesting rural recreation: the battle over access to Windermere

Different forms of recreation are competing increasingly for space to operate, and arbitrating between these competing claims can be fraught with difficulties. This paper examines the recent conflict over attempts to impose a speed limit, and hence prevent power boating and associated activities, on Windermere in the English Lake District. The competing arguments, as presented to a public inquiry, are assessed in the light of the Inspector's verdict on these issues, and the political responses to the verdict. The case is likely to have a much wider significance in terms of land use planning policy in Britain, both in National Parks and rural areas more generally.     

我国政府审计存在的问题,原因及制度对策

我国现行政府审计体制存在着一些缺陷和弊端，不利于审计机关独立行使审计监督权，应适时建立直接隶属于最高权力机关的政府审计监督系统；实行高级审计管理人员和高级审计人员轮换制度；实行独立于本级政府控制的经费预算。     

试论公共政策法律化的限度

在现代法治社会中,公共政策与法律皆不可或缺.饱经法律虚无主义的中国社会,在走向法治主义的进程中难免出现泛法治主义的倾向.公共政策法律化虽然是政策发展的趋势和法治社会的要求,但并非所有公共政策都可以且都能够实现法律化.公共政策法律化应当有其合理的限度.     

农药残留限量标准对福建茶叶出口影响的实证分析

近年来,福建茶叶市场持续低迷,对于发达国家提出的农药残留限量标准,虽然积极采取措施进行应对,然而收效甚微。虽然销售额同比略有增长,但销量基本持平,未能恢复到肯定列表之前,福建茶叶市场基本处于被动状态。本文实证分析发达国家颁布的农药残留最大限量标准对福建茶叶出口的影响,并从政府、企业、协会三个层面上提出相应的对策。     

论城管行政执法体系的构建

我国各地的城管部门虽然有着同一称谓,但是其职责范围却不尽相同。在城管执法人员的编制上,有的是机关编制,有的是事业编制,有的是合同工,在执法的主体资格上也存在很大差异。目前我国还没有统一的相关城管执法立法,城管在执法过程中常常面临职责不清的情况。在执法过程中,执行难的问题时常发生。所以有必要对于城管执法问题进行研究,构建符合我国国情的城管执法体系,厘清城管执法与其他行政部门之间的责任范围,解决好城管执法过程中存在的相关法律问题。     

爆破清除在马家洞危岩体治理工程中的应用

危岩体常位于陡坡或陡崖上,其治理具有较大的特殊性和复杂性,对于规模较小、分布零星的危岩体可采用爆破方式进行清除。马家洞危岩体治理是在充分考虑岩体的工程地质条件和周边的施工条件基础上,结合爆破设计,制定了切实可行的爆破施工方案和有效的防护措施,有效地排除了危岩体对当地老百姓造成的影响,达到了预期的治理效果,为类似的危岩体治理提供一定的借鉴经验。     

MQC—75型清仓机在煤矿井下的应用

根据MQC-75型清仓机的结构特点和在煤矿井下使用的经验,阐述了该型清仓机用于煤矿井下水仓清理的适应性、操作原理及故障排除方法。